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NGINX RADIUS Authentication: No More htpasswd Files

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NGINX RADIUS Authentication: No More htpasswd Files
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Technical Briefing: RADIUS Authentication for NGINX

Problem Statement

NGINX ships with no built-in RADIUS support. Organizations that centralize credentials in FreeRADIUS, Microsoft NPS, Cisco ISE, or Aruba ClearPass have had no way to make NGINX defer to that authority—leaving per-tool htpasswd files as the practical alternative. The nginx-module-auth-radius package from the GetPageSpeed repository closes this gap by adding per-request RADIUS authentication (RFC 2865) to NGINX.

How It Works

The module hooks into the NGINX access phase in the same way auth_basic does:

  • It returns 401 with WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="...".
  • It extracts credentials from the Authorization header.
  • It then either passes the request, returns 401 on Access-Reject, or returns 503 when all servers are unreachable—failing closed.

Implementation is non-blocking. Each configured server gets a pool of persistent UDP sockets, created once per worker. The pool size is controlled by the queue_size directive (default 10, maximum 255). Replies are validated against the RFC 2865 Response Authenticator, so spoofed or corrupted responses are discarded.

Two Key Limitations

  • PAP only—no CHAP or MS-CHAP.
  • No caching of authentication results—every protected request costs one RADIUS round trip.

Installation

RHEL-family

sudo dnf install https://extras.getpagespeed.com/release-latest.rpm
sudo dnf install nginx-module-auth-radius

Then add the following at the very top of /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:

load_module modules/ngx_http_auth_radius_module.so;

Debian/Ubuntu

Set up the GetPageSpeed APT repo, then:

sudo apt-get install nginx-module-auth-radius

Module loading is handled automatically—no load_module directive is needed.

Configuration

There are five directives in total. radius_server declares a named server at the http level; the rest activate authentication inside a location. A radius_server block holds url, secret, nas_identifier, auth_timeout, and auth_retries.

A working example, tested on Rocky Linux 10 with nginx 1.30.4, uses radius_servers "corp_radius"; plus auth_radius "Restricted Area"; inside the location. Keep quotes around values containing special characters.

Verified Behaviors

Testing with curl confirmed:

  • No credentials → 401 with the Basic realm header
  • Valid credentials → 200
  • Wrong password → 401
  • All servers unreachable → 503

BlastRADIUS Compatibility Trap (CVE-2024-3596)

FreeRADIUS 3.2.5+ tracks whether a client has ever sent the Message-Authenticator attribute and then requires it on every subsequent packet. Since radtest always sends it, sanity-checking with radtest first locks the client and causes FreeRADIUS to silently drop the module’s requests.

Symptom: radtest works while NGINX returns 503 after exactly auth_timeout × auth_retries seconds, with nothing in the RADIUS log.

Fix: In /etc/raddb/clients.conf, set require_message_authenticator = false for the NGINX client, then restart FreeRADIUS.

Caveat: This loosens one BlastRADIUS mitigation for that client. Keep the NGINX–RADIUS path on localhost, a dedicated VLAN, or inside an IPsec/WireGuard tunnel.

Failover

Declare multiple servers and repeat radius_servers in priority order; the module advances on timeout or connection refusal. With the primary deliberately dead, authentication still returned 200 in under five milliseconds, because a refused UDP port fails over instantly—only genuine packet loss costs the full auth_timeout per retry. Keep auth_timeout and auth_retries low on the primary when a backup exists.

Health Checks

radius_health turns a location into a liveness probe: any RADIUS response (Accept or Reject) counts as healthy; only an unreachable server fails.

Caveat: Do not implement the endpoint with return 200, because return short-circuits the access phase and the probe never runs, reporting healthy forever. Use try_files with a small static file instead.

Performance Guidance

With no result cache, expect one round trip per request—fine on a LAN for admin panels and internal tools. For busy paths:

  • Raise queue_size (excess requests wait on a 100 ms retry timer)
  • Raise worker_connections
  • Scope protection to paths like location /admin/ rather than location /, so static assets bypass auth
  • Tighten auth_timeout/auth_retries (defaults give 15 seconds per server)

SELinux on RHEL-family

setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on

Label non-standard ports, for example:

semanage port -m -t http_port_t -p tcp 8081

Troubleshooting

  • 503 with valid credentials and an empty RADIUS log—almost always the BlastRADIUS client lock.
  • 503 after exactly 15 seconds—points to firewall rules for UDP 1812, wrong listen address, SELinux booleans, or a wrong shared secret. A bad Response Authenticator verification looks identical to packet loss; tcpdump -i any -n udp port 1812 distinguishes them.
  • unknown directive "radius_server"—the module isn’t loaded. Add load_module at the top of nginx.conf, outside every block.
  • Files staged under /tmp and moved into /etc may carry wrong SELinux contexts. Run restorecon -Rv /etc/nginx (or /etc/raddb).

Packaging

The package tracks GetPageSpeed NGINX builds, so the module binary always matches the installed nginx version. It ships in the GetPageSpeed Premium Repository alongside 140+ other NGINX modules. Source is dvershinin/ngx_http_auth_radius_module on GitHub.

Read the full article: NGINX RADIUS Authentication: No More htpasswd Files

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